Here's the Japanese version of the new trailer for the Sun and Moon games. I'm positing it because it just seems to show a little bit more about the new things revealed in the games, including how the Alolan Marowak and Raichu seem to evolve from the normal Cubone and Pikachu. Take a look.
I wish this much detail was put into the English version trailer, but oh well. Anyway, here's some more detailed info on the new Alolan variants of Meowth, Marowak and Raichu, courtesy of serebii.net.
In the beginning, the Alolan Meowth were originally just the regular Normal-Type Meowth imported from other regions as an offering to the royal family of Alola. These Meowth lived a life of luxury, and as a result they became spoiled and selfish. It's this change in attitude that somehow caused the Meowth of Alola to become Dark-Type Pokemon after a few generations. After the Alola Region's monarchy fell, the Alolan Meowth escaped into the wild and became a feral cat that's a common sight around the region.
Marowak's change to a Fire/Ghost-Type is an adaptation the Pokemon made to compete with the high number of Grass Pokemon in the Alola Region. The Ghost typing seems to also be the result of Marowak developing a type of sixth sense when it comes to its partners. Marowak's frightening appearance when dancing with its flaming bone has caused Alolan locals to view it as a type of conjurer that's to be feared. This is just an assumption on my part, but my guess is that Marowak's new Ghost typing is also meant as an homage to the Marowak Ghost of Lavender Town in the original Pokemon games.
Finally we have the Alolan Raichu, which seems to be something of a scientific curiosity in the Pokemon world. Researchers are apparently at a total loss as to why the Alolan Raichu have taken on this Electric/Psychic-Type form. Alolan locals have never given Raichu's different form a second thought and have joked that its the result of Raichu eating too many pancakes. The Alolan Raichu's electric cheek pouches are known for giving off a sweet scent when rubbed, which may be a partial source for the pancake joke. Raichu if the Alola Region gather their psychic power into the blade on the end of their tails, allowing them to ride the tail blade through the air like a surfboard. The Alolan Raichu also have an ability called Surge Surfer, which increases their speed when the move, Electric Terrain is in play.
That's all the news there is for now. I'll try and post more updates as soon as I find out about them.